Distributing apparatus for engines.



L. SAUSSARD. DISTRIBUTING APPARATUS FOB'ENGINES. APPLICATION FILED nomze, 1910.

1,106,243. Patented Aug. 4, 1914,

mw WM M VW cap being rrn STATES PATEN ()FGE.

LOUIS SAUSSARD, 0F PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR TO SOCIETE BALLOT & 00., OF PARIS,

. FRANCE, A. CORPORATION OF FRANCE.

DISTRIBUTING APPARATUS FOR ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 4, 1914.

Application filed November 26, 1910. Serial No. 594,290.

To all whom, it may concern Be it known that I, LoUIs zen of the Republic of France, Paris, in France, hive invented new useful Improvements in or Relating to Distributing Apparatus for Engines and the like, of which the iollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to a mechanism more particularly applicable to explosion engines, although it can be also equally well used for steam engines, compressed air enginesete, pumps, compressors, and other similar apparatus.

This distributing mechanism chiefly consists of a movable spherical cap adjusted against, a fixed spherical cap secured to the cylinder of the engine or pump etc., the fixed provided with orifices for the admission and escape of the driving medium, gas, steam etc., and the movable cap being iven a movement of oscillation about an imaginary axis passing through its center of curvature. In the application for instance to explosion, engines, this arrangement of distributing mechanism makes possible a very simple and economical construction while insuring the necessary tight joint and the possibility of using large orifices. In fact, the fixed cap can be made in one iece with the cylinder of the engine, and its inner spherical surface easily machined, giving it a diameter equal to that of the cylinder; the movable cap which has a diameter almost equal to the preceding one, can be subsequently introduced through the opposite end of the cylinder.

The movement of oscillation can be easily imparted to the movable cap by means of an outside part passing through an opening of the fixed cap and having a reciprocating motion imparted to it by means of a cam or any suitable mechanism, the said part being connected to the movable cap by means of a suitable joint which enables it to oscillate.

In order to keep the movable cap applied against the fixed cap, springs are preferably used insuring a permanent contact between the friction surfaces. Nevertheless,

SAUSSARD, citithe movable cap could also be guided by means of curved or other suitable guides. The tight joint is then insured indefinitely owing to the continual grinding movement oi the spherical surfaces.

The accompanying drawing shows, by

residing at 1 and Way of example, two constructions of an engine cylinder provided with distributing mechanism according to this invention.

Figure l is a vertical sectional view of the cylinder having my invention applied there to. Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view of the cylinder shown in Fig. 1, taken through l the ports of the cylinder when, the valve distributing mechanism is in its central position. Fig. 3 is a central vertical view of a cylinder fitted with a modified form of my apparatus.

Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a cylinder 1, the cover 2 of which is of a semi-spherical shape and is made in one piece with the same. Into the said cover open branches 3 and 4 which are diametrically opposite each other, and are to be used respectively for the admission and exhaust. The inner orifices of the said branches are at a certain distance above the horizontal plane passing through the center 5 of the spherical surface, and are widened in the horizontal di rection, so as to extend on arcs smaller than a semi-circle, as shown in the horizontal section given in Fig. 2.

The movable part of the distributing mechanism consists of a semi-spherical cap 6 fitting exactly on the cover of the cylinder. In the center of the said cap are provided a space or recess 7 and two lugs 8 directed outward. These lugs pass freely through an elongated opening 9 made in the cover of the cylinder, and are used forsecurin helical springs 10 which at the other cm? are at.- tached to a fixed spindle 11. The tension of the said springs retains the cap 6 in contact with the cover 2 in any of its positions. \Vith the recess or chamber 7 engages freely the rounded oft end of an arm 12 oscillating about the spindle 11. The oscillation of the said arm is obtained, in the construction shown in- Fig. 1, by means of two cams 13 and 14 secured to a spindle 15, and of two arms 16 and 17 provided with rollers which rest respectively against the said cams. The latter are of such shape that each of them, acting on one of thearms 1G. 17, should prevent the opposite arm from m ving away irom the other cam, so that no p ay or shock could take place in this mechanism.

The amplitude of the oscillations is such that the cap fi alternately covers and uncovers the openings of the branches 3 and 4, namely at suitable moments which can vary according to the type of engine in question.

For an explosion engine, for instance, the spindle 15 is connected to the crank shaft, so as to rotate twice as slowly as the latter.

This spindle, as well as the spindle 11, can

oscillation of the arm 12 is obtained by means of a grooved cam 19 secured to a spindle 20 and acting on a roller carried di rect by the arm in question. It is obvious that any other suitable devices could be also utilized for operating the oscillation cap 6. For the purpose of reducing the amplitude of oscillation necessary for the said cap, it is possible to use, instead of a solid cap, such as that illustrated, a cap provided at each side with one or more openingsor ports and cooperating with the corresponding inlet and exhaust ports made in the cover of the cylinder, and of smaller, height than those shown in the drawing, in accordance with the principle of multiple-port slide valves.

The invention is moreover by no means limited to the use of a single movable cap, as it is obvious that in certain cases two distributing mechanisms similar to that herein before described could be arranged on a cylinder cover at two different points of the cover in question. 'llwo movable caps could also be concentrically combined, in order to constitute one and the same distributing mechanism. These movable caps are then adjusted one in the other and give difierent oscillating movements, for instance by means of different rods connected respectively to two crank shafts keyed at an angle relatively to each other. Such a distributer is advantageous from the point of View of the reduction of forces of inertia, of shocks and of the wear, owing to the continual movement of the two movable concentric caps.

Having now particularly described-and ascertained the nature of my said invention incense and in what manner the same is to be performed, ll declare that what I claim is 1. A distributing mechanism of the character described for engines, pumps or the 'like comprising in combination a cylinder having one end formed on the segment of a sphere and provided with inlet and exhaust openings, a semi-spherical cap arranged Within said end and engaging said surface, an oscillating lever engaging said cap, means for controlling said lever, and means forreturning the cap into its normal position and for holding the cap against the cylinder.

2. A. distributing mechanism of the character described for engines, pumps or the like comprising in combination a cylinder, provided with inlet and exhaust openings and having one end. formed with an inner surface in the form of a segment of a sphere, a semi-spherical cap engaging said surface, an oscillating lever, engaging said cap, a grooved cam for oscillating said lever and springs tending to return the cap into its norinal position and holding the cap against the inner surface of the cylinder head.

3. A distributing mechanism for gas en gines, and the like comprising in combination, a cylinder provided with inlet and exhaust openings and having its inner surface at one end arranged in the form of a segment of a sphere, a semi-spherical cap arranged to work against said inner surface so as to govern said ports, a fixed spindle, an oscillating lever mounted on said spindle and engaging said cap, a grooved cam for oscillating said lever, and aspring secured 1 to said spindle and to said cap for holding the same against the inner surface of the cylinder and for retaining the same in normal position.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

LDUIS SAUSSARD.

Witnesses:

BARTLEY 1E. Yos'r, JIULIEN TAVERNE. 

